"Ancient China: Land, Legend, and Language"
I. Land
A. Area
1. China is 3rd in area in the world
2. 1st in population
3. Roughly the size of the U.S.A.
4. Roughly the shape of the U.S.A. (or a pregnant U.S.A.)
B. Topography
1. Somewhat similar to U.S.A.
2. Eastern Half: Coastal Plain with three river systems
3. Western Half: Desert or Mountains
C. Climate: Roughly same as U.S.A.
II. Legend--(see pp. 9 in China Packet)
A. "Ancient China: Beginnings of River Civilizations"
I. Politics - How did people govern themselves?
A. Role of Emperor in Dynasties (see pp. 23a in China Packet)
B. Role of scholar-bureaucrats (also called mandarins)
1. Secured position through the Examination System
- only wealthy people could afford to prepare for, and take the test
- the test spans over three days
- if test is passed, the people become automatically assured of future because they can never be fired
2. Served as tax collectors, judges, administrators, clerks
C. Role of Concubines and Eunuchs
D. Role of Secret Societies
- were held privately to express disapproval for the government
- made sure that the revolution happened
II. Economics - How did the people make a living?
A. The lives of the gentry(landlords)
- 10% of the population
1. Owned land (10+ acres) and rented it out to tenants
2. Served as bankers, loaned money at double digit and triple digit interest rates
- no rules on interest rates
3. Studied (with tutors) to become scholar-bureaucrats
4. Lived in multi-room compounds
5. flaunted their wealth: concubines, silk robes, long fingernails, big families
B. The lives of Peasants
- 90% of population
B. "Chinese History 0-1500: the Great Dynasties"
I. Politics:
A. four great dynasties:
1. Han(periods A, B)
2. Tang
3.Sung
4. Ming (periods B,C)
Dynasties + Emperors
A Chi/ Qui - chin shiuang- called first emperor becasue he unified China.
-Built great wall. built tomb of tera-cotta warriors and horses
A-B Han - longest running dynasty
B Yuan - Genhis Khan & Koblai Khan. Marco polo
B-C Ming - Yongle- built forbidden city(beijing). Built Ming
C-D-E Ch'ing/ qing - king XI/Qianlong/ PUI. MAnchus from Manchuria
II. Economics:
A. agriculture with its system of tenant farming
- keeps land owners in power. and farmers in poverty
- landowners give them the lans, the farmers build houses on land, they can buy seeds from the landowners, grow crops, give some fo the crops to the landowner & sell the rest of the crops for money
B. Increasing commerce
1. domestic along the two great rivers& Grand Canal
2. Foreign along the Silk Route to Mediterranean - land route
-China ll they way to Europe
- trades silk, spices, gun powder
III. Sociology:Rigid social structures and footbinding begins
- father to son, husband to wife, emperor to subject, older to younger, friend to friend
- secret societies
IV. Culture: the great discoveries and inventions
- paper, printing press, tea, porcelain, silk, paper money, umbrella, compass, eye glasses, finer printing, kites, water in ships, potatoes, gun powder, chop sticks
- confucian: during day, social harmony. respect of people
- Taoist: at night. self reflective, your relationship to youself
- Buddhist: at death. go to nirvana
C. Chinese History 1500-1800: Foreign Dynasty, Foreign Traders, Foreign Missonaries
I. China's second Foreign Dynasty - Manchus from Manchuia
A. Never call in a tiger to chase out a dog
B. Dynasty took Chinese name of Ch'ing/ Qing
C. Control through Dual Posts, Censorate, and rotation in office
- Dual Posts- for every important job there would be a Manchu and a Chinese, this way the Manchus could keep an eye
on the Chinese while learning from them too.
- Censorates- spies to make sure the Chinese were following the rules
- Rotation in office- heads of provinces that would be moved around every three years so they did not get too much power.
D. Impositon of the queue on all Chinese men
- Manchus hair cut on the Chinese men as a symbol of China
E. Emperor Kangxi (page 96)
II.Foreign missionaries: the case of Jesuit Matteo Ricci
A. respected Chinese culture and imitated it
- learned language
B. was scholar form whom the Chinese could learn
C. Drew world map with China in center
- pressure to become christian: low peasants converted
III. Foreign traders led by the British: indian Ocean trade triangle
A. Great Britain:
- gives maufactured good to India
- wants to create relationship with China. limited goods
B. India:
- gives GB spices, tea, and cotton
- gives China opium
C.China:
-gives Gb teas, silk, and porcelain
- doesn't trade with India
"Ancient China: Land, Legend, and Language"
I. Land
A. Area
1. China is 3rd in area in the world
2. 1st in population
3. Roughly the size of the U.S.A.
4. Roughly the shape of the U.S.A. (or a pregnant U.S.A.)
B. Topography
1. Somewhat similar to U.S.A.
2. Eastern Half: Coastal Plain with three river systems
3. Western Half: Desert or Mountains
C. Climate: Roughly same as U.S.A.
II. Legend--(see pp. 9 in China Packet)
A. "Ancient China: Beginnings of River Civilizations"
I. Politics - How did people govern themselves?
A. Role of Emperor in Dynasties (see pp. 23a in China Packet)
B. Role of scholar-bureaucrats (also called mandarins)
1. Secured position through the Examination System
- only wealthy people could afford to prepare for, and take the test
- the test spans over three days
- if test is passed, the people become automatically assured of future because they can never be fired
2. Served as tax collectors, judges, administrators, clerks
C. Role of Concubines and Eunuchs
D. Role of Secret Societies
- were held privately to express disapproval for the government
- made sure that the revolution happened
II. Economics - How did the people make a living?
A. The lives of the gentry(landlords)
- 10% of the population
1. Owned land (10+ acres) and rented it out to tenants
2. Served as bankers, loaned money at double digit and triple digit interest rates
- no rules on interest rates
3. Studied (with tutors) to become scholar-bureaucrats
4. Lived in multi-room compounds
5. flaunted their wealth: concubines, silk robes, long fingernails, big families
B. The lives of Peasants
- 90% of population
B. "Chinese History 0-1500: the Great Dynasties"
I. Politics:
A. four great dynasties:
1. Han(periods A, B)
2. Tang
3.Sung
4. Ming (periods B,C)
Dynasties + Emperors
A Chi/ Qui - chin shiuang- called first emperor becasue he unified China.
-Built great wall. built tomb of tera-cotta warriors and horses
A-B Han - longest running dynasty
B Yuan - Genhis Khan & Koblai Khan. Marco polo
B-C Ming - Yongle- built forbidden city(beijing). Built Ming
C-D-E Ch'ing/ qing - king XI/Qianlong/ PUI. MAnchus from Manchuria
II. Economics:
A. agriculture with its system of tenant farming
- keeps land owners in power. and farmers in poverty
- landowners give them the lans, the farmers build houses on land, they can buy seeds from the landowners, grow crops, give some fo the crops to the landowner & sell the rest of the crops for money
B. Increasing commerce
1. domestic along the two great rivers& Grand Canal
2. Foreign along the Silk Route to Mediterranean - land route
-China ll they way to Europe
- trades silk, spices, gun powder
III. Sociology:Rigid social structures and footbinding begins
- father to son, husband to wife, emperor to subject, older to younger, friend to friend
- secret societies
IV. Culture: the great discoveries and inventions
- paper, printing press, tea, porcelain, silk, paper money, umbrella, compass, eye glasses, finer printing, kites, water in ships, potatoes, gun powder, chop sticks
- confucian: during day, social harmony. respect of people
- Taoist: at night. self reflective, your relationship to youself
- Buddhist: at death. go to nirvana
C. Chinese History 1500-1800: Foreign Dynasty, Foreign Traders, Foreign Missonaries
I. China's second Foreign Dynasty - Manchus from Manchuia
A. Never call in a tiger to chase out a dog
B. Dynasty took Chinese name of Ch'ing/ Qing
C. Control through Dual Posts, Censorate, and rotation in office
- Dual Posts- for every important job there would be a Manchu and a Chinese, this way the Manchus could keep an eye
on the Chinese while learning from them too.
- Censorates- spies to make sure the Chinese were following the rules
- Rotation in office- heads of provinces that would be moved around every three years so they did not get too much power.
D. Impositon of the queue on all Chinese men
- Manchus hair cut on the Chinese men as a symbol of China
E. Emperor Kangxi (page 96)
II.Foreign missionaries: the case of Jesuit Matteo Ricci
A. respected Chinese culture and imitated it
- learned language
B. was scholar form whom the Chinese could learn
C. Drew world map with China in center
- pressure to become christian: low peasants converted
III. Foreign traders led by the British: indian Ocean trade triangle
A. Great Britain:
- gives maufactured good to India
- wants to create relationship with China. limited goods
B. India:
- gives GB spices, tea, and cotton
- gives China opium
C.China:
-gives Gb teas, silk, and porcelain
- doesn't trade with India